• 对于滑块，selenium可以很简单的模拟鼠标操作，但是，获取滑动的距离是这种验证破解的难点，首先，研究了B站的代码之后，发现验证是由一个叫极验的公司做的，他们传输过来的图片我发现是坐标被打乱了的一个图片，而且还有一组数据，我估计是计算图片坐标然后拼成一个完整的图片，很多人就会去研究这个坐标怎么计算的，但是我在看了他的HTML发现，最后他将计算后的完整图片加载到了canvas画布中，而且是三个画布（一个完整的，一个有缺口的，一个缺口图片），所以我们不用那么麻烦直接通过js将画布中的图片转为base64数据：

  $('.geetest_canvas_bg')[0].toDataURL('image/png')
  $('.geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].toDataURL('image/png')
  $('.geetest_canvas_slice')[0].toDataURL('image/png')
  

• 拿到数据后就简单了，我们可以通过base64模块以及OpenCV提供的imdecode方法将数据转化为OpenCV图片对象。
• 然后就是最关键的时候了，我们先将图片转为灰度图片，然后通过scikit-image（计算图片差异模块）模块计算完整图片和有缺口的图片之间的差异，然后将差异数组通过threshold设置阈值，然后将设置完阈值的图像通过findContours函数识别轮廓，然后通过boundingRect就能得到缺口的简单轮廓数据（起始坐标x,y以及宽和高w,h）,我们拿到轮廓1的x1，y1数据，然后将缺口图片做灰度处理，然后将通过numpy转为图像数组，然后通过threshold和findContours以及boundingRect函数得到轮廓2的x2，y2数据，最后x1-x2的值就是我们需要滑动的长度，最后将这个值通过selenium滑动模块就可以了，详细的设计在下面的代码中体现。

详细代码

• image_diff.py图片处理文件

  from skimage.measure import compare_ssim
  import argparse
  import imutils
  import cv2
  import numpy as np
  from base64 import b64decode
  
  class Diff:
      def __init__(self, b1, b2, b3):
          self.imageA = cv2.imdecode(np.frombuffer(b64decode(b1), np.uint8), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
          self.imageB = cv2.imdecode(np.frombuffer(b64decode(b2), np.uint8), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
          self.imageC = cv2.imdecode(np.frombuffer(b64decode(b3), np.uint8), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
  
      def show(self):
          cv2.imshow('imga', self.imageA)
          cv2.imshow('imgb', self.imageB)
          cv2.imshow('imgc', self.imageC)
          if chr(cv2.waitKey(0)) == 'q':
              cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  
      def hOption(self):
          grayA = cv2.cvtColor(self.imageA, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
          grayB = cv2.cvtColor(self.imageB, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
          grayC = cv2.cvtColor(self.imageC, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
          npArr_3 = np.array(grayC)
          return self.diff(grayA, grayB, npArr_3)
  
      def diff(self, grayA, grayB, npArr_3):
          (score, diff) = compare_ssim(grayA, grayB, full=True)
          diff = (diff * 255).astype("uint8")
          print('图片相似度为：%s' % score)
          return self.tf(diff, npArr_3)
  
      def tf(self, diff, npArr_3):
          thresh = cv2.threshold(diff, 0, 255,
                                 cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
          cnts = cv2.findContours(thresh.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
                                  cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
          cnts = cnts[1] if imutils.is_cv3() else cnts[0]
  
          img3_t = cv2.threshold(npArr_3, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
  
          cnts_3 = cv2.findContours(img3_t.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
          cnts_3 = cnts_3[1] if imutils.is_cv3() else cnts_3[0]
          return self.getBr(cnts, cnts_3)
  
      def getBr(self, cnts, cnts_3):
          x1, y1, w1, h1 = cv2.boundingRect(cnts[-1])
          cv2.rectangle(self.imageA, (x1, y1), (x1 + w1, y1 + h1), (0, 0, 255), 1)
          cv2.rectangle(self.imageB, (x1, y1), (x1 + w1, y1 + h1), (0, 0, 255), 1)
          x2, y2, w2, h2 = cv2.boundingRect(cnts_3[-1])
          cv2.rectangle(self.imageC, (x2, y2), (x2 + w2, y2 + h2), (0, 0, 255), 1)
          cv2.rectangle(self.imageC, (x2, y2), (x2 + w2, y2 + h2), (0, 0, 255), 1)
          return x1 - x2
  

• seleclass.py主入口文件

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  import json
  import time
  from selenium import webdriver
  from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
  from image_diff import Diff
  
  class SeleClass:
      def __init__(self, url, username, password):
          self.url = url
          self.wdc_option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
          self.wdc_option.add_argument('--headless')
          self.wdc_option.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
          self.wdc = webdriver.Chrome(options=self.wdc_option)
          self.wdc.implicitly_wait(10)
          self.wdc.get(self.url)
          self.wdc.maximize_window()
          self.input(username, password)
  
      def input(self, username, password):
          self.wdc.find_element_by_id('login-username').send_keys(username)
          self.wdc.find_element_by_id('login-passwd').send_keys(password)
          self.mouseLogin()
  
      def mouseLogin(self):
          ActionChains(self.wdc).move_to_element(self.wdc.find_elements_by_class_name('btn-login')[0]).perform()
          ActionChains(self.wdc).click().perform()
          self.mouseMove(Diff(**self.getBase64Data()).hOption())
          self.isLogin()
  
      def doScript(self, script):
          for _ in range(10):
              try:
                  if len(self.wdc.execute_script(script)) < 3000:
                      print('错误数据大小：%s' % len(self.wdc.execute_script(script)), end='\\t')
                      raise BaseException()
                  return self.wdc.execute_script(script)
              except:
                  time.sleep(1)
          raise BaseException('拉取数据超时')
  
      def mouseMove(self, long):
          print('鼠标移动位移为：%s' % long)
          ActionChains(self.wdc).click_and_hold(
              self.wdc.find_elements_by_class_name('geetest_slider_button')[0]).perform()
          ActionChains(self.wdc).move_by_offset(long, 0).perform()
          time.sleep(1)
          ActionChains(self.wdc).release().perform()
  
      def getBase64Data(self):
          bg = self.doScript("return $('.geetest_canvas_bg')[0].toDataURL('image/png')")[22::]
          full = self.doScript("return $('.geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].toDataURL('image/png')")[22::]
          slice = self.doScript("return $('.geetest_canvas_slice')[0].toDataURL('image/png')")[22::]
          print('真实数据大小：', len(bg), len(full), len(slice))
          return {
              'b1': bg,
              'b2': full,
              'b3': slice
          }
  
      def isLogin(self):
          for _ in range(10):
              if self.wdc.get_cookie('DedeUserID'):
                  self.wdc.get('<https://space.bilibili.com/>' + self.wdc.get_cookie('DedeUserID')['value'])
                  print('登陆成功：%s' % self.wdc.find_element_by_id('h-name').text)
                  return
              else:
                  time.sleep(1)
          raise BaseException('页面跳转超时')
  
      def __del__(self):
          time.sleep(2)
          self.wdc.close()
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      s = SeleClass('<https://passport.bilibili.com/login>', 'username', 'password')
  

效果展示